The incident, which occurred at a cruising altitude of 36,000ft, resulted in the pilot sustaining cuts to his arm, though all 130 passengers were unharmed.
The US National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) is investigating the cause, considering possibilities such as meteorites, low-Earth orbit objects, or a weather balloon's data package.
The damaged windscreen is being sent to NTSB laboratories for examination, with the agency gathering radar, weather, and flight recorder data.
The “one in a trillion” event highlights concerns about increasing space debris, with a 2023 FAA report estimating a rise in hazardous fragments by 2035.