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A study, led by the University of Oxford, suggests that Homo sapiens and Neanderthals may have kissed.
Researchers reconstructed the evolutionary history of kissing, finding it to be an ancient trait that evolved between 21 and 16 million years ago.
The study, published in the journal Evolution and Human Behaviour, indicates that kissing is still observed in most large apes, including chimpanzees, bonobos, and orangutans.
Kissing was defined as non-aggressive, mouth-to-mouth contact without food transfer, and its evolution was mapped across the primate family tree using a complex model.
While the research helps explain how kissing evolved, it does not address the specific mechanisms or functions behind why animals engage in the behaviour.