Travel firms are warning of potential four-hour queues for UK travellers, despite the Home Office stating checks should take only one to two minutes.
Logistics UK estimates that delays for hauliers due to the EES could cost the UK economy £400 million annually, urging the government to negotiate with the EU.
The Liberal Democrats criticised the government for failing to negotiate properly, suggesting the lost funds could instead support over 16,000 new NHS nurses.
The phased rollout of the EES has been described as a "complete muddle" by the European travel association Etoa, with concerns about a lack of clear information.