The research identified that higher levels of cardiac troponin, a protein indicating heart muscle damage, in middle age were linked to an increased likelihood of dementia.
This early warning sign could be detected between seven and 25 years before a dementia diagnosis.
Participants with the highest troponin levels had a 38 per cent increased chance of developing dementia and experienced a more rapid decline in cognitive function.
Experts say that maintaining good cardiovascular health, including managing blood pressure and cholesterol, staying active, and maintaining a healthy weight, can help prevent or delay dementia.